You've done the training. You know what to expect from your body. But things can go wrong.
People who climb 20 mountains in perfect health can develop altitude sickness on their 21st climb.
Over the years you runners have become much better trained and much better prepared, but you also push yourselves harder. Just staying awake for 24+ hours isn't an every-day activity, much less running the entire time.
Although exceedingly rare, we have had serious medical incidents at the race. In the last 12 years of the race we've had 4 medical events that have required an ambulance.
We understand that you want to finish -- the lure of the buckle is strong -- but there are times when you need to keep your future wellness in mind. Part of the reason that we require a qualifying run for the 100 miler is so that you will be able to take care of your health during this endurance event.
Listen to your body.
Know your normal.
Each entrant is responsible for knowing his or her own physical limitations.
Please report anything outside of what you've experienced during training or in other races. Especially notable are issues with your:
On the back of the bibs are emergency phone numbers (including Race HQ). We've had great success with runners and pacers looking out for one another and summoning help when needed.
If we don't notice that you're having a problem, get our attention.
Do not try to hide a condition from your crew, your pacer, or our staff. It's kind of a reverse Catch-22: if we catch you hiding something, we're more likely to assume that you're mentally compromised, and we might be more inclined to pull you from the race.
The Race Directors, Assistant Race Director, and Aid Station Captains can help you decide whether to continue running or not.
They can also make the decision for you if they think your physical or mental condition has deteriorated to the point of endangering your safety. We want everyone to achieve their goals, but we also need to protect you from what could be a clouded mind.
We will not withdraw a runner lightly, and without very good reason, so don't think that if you have a sniffle or a bit of swelling that we'll yank you from the race.
We have personnel at Race HQ and Aid Station #2 to help you with first-aid. Race HQ has more medical aid and resources.
Our volunteers will administer basic first aid, try to figure out what you need, and try to recognize when something is critically wrong (in which case we arrange transport).
We have advanced aid near Umstead park:
The information below is not intended or implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. You're an adult, you're a runner, and you're responsible for your own health and well-being.
We can clean and bandage you and get you on your way. We won't do suturing/stitches -- we leave that for emergency rooms.
We'll do everything we can to help alleviate pain from a blister and try and keep it from getting worse. We can clean you up, put on bandages, tape you, apply pads or talc, and help you put on dry socks.
Because blisters can be difficult to effectively treat in the field, and there can be several approaches to treating them, we'll probably ask you what you want done. Consider bringing your own supplies in a 'foot bag'.
Also see Blister Prevention by Jonathan Savage.
Foot pain is probably normal for the abnormal thing that you're doing.
This might be why your feet hurt:
You strike the ground with between 2 and 3 times your body weight.
A 24hr pace equates to roughly 14 minute miles.
A 14 minute mile = 4.3mph, which is about 150 steps/minute.150 steps/minute * 60 minutes = 9,000 steps per hour
9,000 steps/hr * 24 hours = 216,000 stepsA 120 pound runner at 2.5 times that weight = 300 pounds per strike
300 pounds * 216,000 strikes = over 64 million pounds absorbed.
No wonder your dogs bark!
There's a lot of dust and pollen on the trail. Know what triggers you, and how serious it is on long runs. Have your medications (like an inhaled corticosteroid), and know your administration procedure, and the effective duration of the treatment.
It doesn't do you any good to take a puff and then have the effect wear off in the middle of the next lap where you don't have your inhaler.
Maybe take your (full) inhaler with you and leave an extra in your bag or car?
We DO NOT have any kind of epinephrine auto-injector (aka EpiPen) on site. If you know that you are at risk of anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction, have your epinephrine injector with you at all times, and wear your medical alert if you have one.
Drink before you are thirsty!
Lesser-known corollary: pee before you get near a crowd.
A runner can easily sweat .5 liters/hour, and that really adds up over the span of 24 hours (to 12 liters, actually). That's six 2-liter bottles!
Just to give you an idea of how much fluid that is, unless you're truly a giant, you don't have more than 6 liters of blood in your whole body. You must replace fluid if you want to finish!
Signs of dehydration include headache, nausea, dizziness, and decreased (or non-existent) urine output.
If you're dehydrated, you need to rest and drink fluids, preferably water AND something that contains electrolytes (sodium/salt and potassium).
This isn't an ailment, but it is a really common symptom of dehydration and decreased liver function. It's also difficult to notice when it's dark outside. Don't be surprised if we ask you about this.
Kind of the opposite of dehydration. Hyponatremia is a condition where there's very little sodium in the blood. In runners this is typically caused by drinking A LOT of water, and nothing that has electrolytes (sodium/salt and potassium). You have too much fluid in proportion to the sodium in your blood, so things go bad.
Sodium is vital for regulating blood pressure and a well-functioning nervous system. Once you reach hyponatremia, it's a serious thing.
Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue, sluggishness, and swelling of the hands and feet. A person may not react to their surroundings and their reflexes may be compromised (you might mistake them for being a little drunk).
Note that swelling of the hands and certainly the feet is not abnormal for ultra-running, so we won't take those on their own as signs of hyponatremia.
Vomiting Dark, Coffee-grinds Looking Stuff
You're vomiting blood that's in your stomach. The blood is there as a response to the incredible stress you're putting on your body.
This is rather common, and usually isn't particularly serious. You probably can't hold any food down, even sips of just broth or water.
You need to rest. We've seen people come in, throwing up blood, absolutely depleted of energy, convinced that they can't finish. After a 3 (or 6) hour nap they get up, eat a barrel of food, and then head out for their last 2 or 3 laps. It's pretty amazing to see the change.
During the race, we really don't want you to take any type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve).
The stress of an endurance event significantly reduces your body's ability to metabolize and eliminate these drugs, and the amount that you can safely take in a given time while running is not the same as under normal circumstances. Taking NSAIDs during an ultra increases the risk of renal failure and GI bleeding. Accordingly, we do not dispense them.
Obviously, we can't prevent you from taking anti-inflammatory drugs on your own, but please do not experiment during the race.
After the race, you should begin using NSAIDs only after your urine output and color are normal.
Bring all medications in marked containers.
Do not sleep on the trail. Come to HQ or AS #2 for that. There are cots and nice, warm blankets waiting for you at these locations.
If you do sleep on the side of the trail, we'll invariably get a report that a runner is "down". Then we'll have to race out of HQ and try to find you on the course, blinding and disturbing other runners.
After you're depleted of energy, even a nice 65°F day can chill you to the bone; it's less than your core temperature, so you're slowly losing heat over a very long time.
Symptoms from moderate to severe:
If you get too cold: get dry, add layers, stay in HQ by the fire and drink soup.
You're too hot. We've seen it happen even in cold weather to people who were wearing too many layers.
Symptoms from moderate to severe:
If you get too hot: rest, hydrate, get into a cooler environment, and give your body time to cool. Ice can help, but you have to be careful with that too because you don't want to freeze your skin.
Ultra-runners run so long they almost always need real food (fat and protein) not just liquids and sugars like those "short-distance" runners. Unfortunately, this diet can lead to gastrointestinal problems.
Diarrhea can lead to dehydration and then other bad things.
If your gut isn't behaving, rest and hydrate with electrolytes. Everyone responds differently, but salty crackers, ginger-ale, ginger packets, or Pepto-Bismol can help.
Use of NSAIDs during the race can increase the risk of GI issues. See Anti-inflammatory Drugs.
A result of use and dehydration.
If you're cramping, hydrate (with electrolytes), massage, stretch, rest. Yelling can help too.
These do happen.
But we don't have an X-ray machine. We can only look at you and identify an obvious deformity, swelling, or immobility. Then we'll say something like "Wow, that's a lot of swelling -- might be broken."
When the swelling is so great that it immobilizes the joint, that's the body protecting the joint. When the swelling decreases, the break or fracture could become more evident, and probably more painful.
We probably won't want you running on anything that looks truly busted. You probably won't either.
We have topical sting relief medicine to help.
In 2017 we had a runner come in to HQ complaining of foot pain.
Turns out there was a bumble bee in his shoe!
If you know that you are at risk of anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction commonly associated with stings, have your epinephrine injector with you at all times, and wear your medical alert if you have one.
Extreme fatigue, darkness, dehydration, and shadows can all play havoc with your mind. Sleep usually fixes you... if the wolves don't get you first. (Just kidding -- it's the land sharks you have to watch out for.)
Understand that seeing something and knowing that it is not really there is different from seeing something that is not there and believing it really is. We treat the second thing much more seriously.
Pretty common sign of fatigue and dehydration.
If you normally take acetaminophen (Tylenol) for a headache, know that, just like with NSAIDs, the amount that you can safely take in a given time while running is not the same as under normal circumstances. Try to focus on rehydration before a pill.
Common. You're tired and probably looking down a lot. Your head weighs a lot, and your poor neck is trying to keep a big, bobbing weight from crashing into the ground.
Chafing is when skin rubs on something. Try to reduce the friction: change into dry clothes, move clothing (but don't necessarily REMOVE clothing), or apply a cream or powder designed to make you slippery.
Heat rash is caused by sweat and dirt clogging skin pores. Commonly looks like little red bumps that are itchy or painful.
Rashes from allergies can look just like heat rash, but also like hives (larger red blotches). Antihistamines can help.
Let us know what ails you and we'll try to help. If you're prone to these types of things, there are anti-friction/anti-prickly-heat powders and creams, and hydrocortisone creams.
We haven't seen this, but it does apparently happen.
This is blurriness that's beyond tired, stinging eyes from fatigue, dust, or allergies.
The blurriness is due to corneal swelling caused by changes in blood pressure (usually a drop caused by dehydration). It's temporary, but please report it because your blood pressure should not be dropping that much.
We'll want you to hydrate with electrolytes and rest while we monitor you.